Career
Wallace's first novel, 1987's
The Broom of the System, garnered national attention and critical praise. Caryn James of
The New York Times called it a successful "manic, human, flawed extravaganza," "emerging straight from the excessive tradition of Stanley Elkin's
Franchiser, Thomas Pynchon's
V., John Irving's
World According to Garp." Wallace moved to Boston, Massachusetts, for graduate school in philosophy at Harvard University, but soon abandoned it. In 1991 he began teaching literature as an adjunct professor at Emerson College in Boston.
In 1992, at the behest of colleague and supporter Steven Moore, Wallace applied for and won a position in the English department at Illinois State University. He had begun work on his second novel,
Infinite Jest, in 1991, and submitted a draft to his editor in December 1993. After the publication of excerpts throughout 1995, the book was published in 1996.
Wallace published short fiction in
Might,
GQ,
Playboy,
The Paris Review,
Harper's Magazine,
Mid-American Review,
Conjunctions,
Esquire,
Open City,
Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern,
The New Yorker, and
Science.
In 1997, Wallace received a MacArthur Fellowship, as well as the Aga Khan Prize for Fiction, awarded by editors of
The Paris Review for one of the stories in
Brief Interviews..."Brief Interviews with Hideous Men #6"...which had appeared in the magazine.
In 2002, he moved to Claremont, California, to become the first Roy E. Disney Professor of Creative Writing and Professor of English at Pomona College. He taught one or two undergraduate courses per semester, and focused on his writing.
Bonnie Nadell was Wallace's literary agent during his entire career. Michael Pietsch was his editor on
Infinite Jest.
In March 2009, Little, Brown and Company announced that it would publish the manuscript of an unfinished novel,
The Pale King, that Wallace was working on at the time of his death. An excerpt from the novel was published in the March 9, 2009, issue of
The New Yorker.
In March 2010, it was announced that Wallace's personal papers and archives — drafts of books, stories, essays, poems, letters, and research, including the handwritten notes for
Infinite Jest — had been purchased by the University of Texas at Austin and will reside at the University's Harry Ransom Center.
Themes and styles
Wallace's fiction is often concerned with irony. His essay "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction", originally published in the small-circulation
Review of Contemporary Fiction in 1993, proposes that television has an ironic influence on fiction writing, and urges literary authors to eschew TV's shallow rebelliousness: "I want to convince you that irony, poker-faced silence, and fear of ridicule are distinctive of those features of contemporary U.S. culture (of which cutting-edge fiction is a part) that enjoy any significant relation to the television whose weird pretty hand has my generation by the throat. I'm going to argue that irony and ridicule are entertaining and effective, and that at the same time they are agents of a great despair and stasis in U.S. culture, and that for aspiring fictionists they pose terrifically vexing problems". Wallace used many forms of irony, but focused on individuals' continued longing for earnest, unself-conscious experience and communication in a media-saturated society. A Reader's Companion to Infinite Jest
Wallace's novels often combine various writing modes or voices, and incorporate jargon and vocabulary (sometimes invented) from a wide variety of fields. His writing featured self-generated abbreviations and acronyms, long multi-clause sentences, and a notable use of explanatory footnotes and endnotes...often nearly as expansive as the text proper. He used endnotes extensively in
Infinite Jest and footnotes in "Octet" as well as in the great majority of his nonfiction after 1996. On the
Charlie Rose show in 1997, Wallace claimed that the notes were used to disrupt the linearity of the narrative, to reflect his perception of reality without jumbling the entire structure. He suggested that he could have instead jumbled up the sentences, "but then no one would read it." Charlie Rose - Jennifer Harbury & Robert Torricelli / David Foster Wallace
According to Wallace, "fiction’s about what it is to be a fucking human being," and he expressed a desire to write "morally passionate, passionately moral fiction" that could help readers "become less alone inside." In his 2005 commencement speech at Kenyon College, he describes the human condition of daily crises and chronic disillusionment and rejects solipsism, invoking compassion, mindfulness, and existentialism:
The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day.... The only thing that's capital-T True is that you get to decide how you're going to try to see it. You get to consciously decide what has meaning and what doesn't.... The trick is keeping the truth up-front in daily consciousness.
Nonfiction work
Wallace covered Senator John McCain's 2000 presidential campaign and had been commissioned shortly before his death to write a story about Barack Obama. He wrote about the September 11 attacks for
Rolling Stone; cruise ships (in what became the title essay of his first nonfiction book), state fairs, and tornadoes for
Harper's Magazine; the US Open tournament for
TENNIS Magazine; the director David Lynch and the pornography industry for
Premiere magazine; the tennis player Michael Joyce for
Esquire; the special-effects film industry for Waterstone's magazine; conservative talk radio host John Ziegler for
The Atlantic Monthly; and a Maine lobster festival for
Gourmet magazine. He also reviewed books in several genres for the
Los Angeles Times,
The Washington Post,
The New York Times, and
The Philadelphia Inquirer. In the November 2007 issue of
The Atlantic, which commemorated the magazine's 150th anniversary, Wallace was among the authors, artists, politicians and others who wrote short pieces on "the future of the American idea."
Other media
Twelve of the interviews from
Brief Interviews With Hideous Men were adapted into a stage play in 2000, the first theatrical adaptation of Wallace's work. The play,
Hideous Men, adapted and directed by Dylan McCullough, premiered at the New York International Fringe Festival in August 2000.
A filmed adaptation of
Brief Interviews, directed by John Krasinski, was released in 2009 and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. The film stars Julianne Nicholson and an ensemble cast including Christopher Meloni, Rashida Jones, Timothy Hutton, Josh Charles and Will Forte.
The short story "Tri-Stan: I Sold Sissee Nar to Ecko" from
Brief Interviews With Hideous Men was adapted by composer Eric Moe into a 50-minute operatic piece, to be performed with accompanying video projections. The piece was described as having "subversively inscribed classical music into pop culture", but received tepid reviews overall.
Awards
- Inclusion of "Good Old Neon" in The O. Henry Prize Stories 2002
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, 1997—2002
- Lannan Foundation Residency Fellow, July—August 2000
- Named to Usage Panel, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 4th Edition et seq., 1999
- Inclusion of "The Depressed Person" in Prize Stories 1999: The O. Henry Awards
- Illinois State University, Outstanding University Researcher, 1998 and 1999
- Aga Khan Prize for Fiction for Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, 1997
- Time magazine's Best Books of the Year (Fiction), 1996
- Salon Book Award (Fiction), 1996
- Lannan Literary Award (Fiction), 1996
- Whiting Writers' Award, 1987